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Immune T cells that have been fighting too long become 'exhausted': sluggish, covered in inhibitory receptors, unable to kill. It limits both the patient's natural anti-tumour response and how long engineered CAR-T cells keep working (persistence).
Exhaustion is driven by chronic antigen exposure and marked by PD-1, TIM-3, LAG-3 and TOX expression; checkpoint inhibitors partly reverse it, which is their mechanism. For CAR-T, the fitness of the patient's starting T cells (damaged by prior chemotherapy, especially bendamustine) predicts expansion and response, and peak expansion and persistence correlate with durable remission; ongoing B-cell aplasia is a convenient marker that CD19 CAR-T cells are still active. Engineering answers include 4-1BB costimulation (longer persistence than CD28), armoured CARs, knockout of exhaustion-associated genes, and collecting cells earlier in the disease course. Persistence matters less when the tumour is eliminated quickly, as in ALL.
In plain words · PD-1 is a brake on T cells. Blocking it releases the immune system against the tumour and has cured some previously incurable cancers.
Showing the target this term concerns: PD-1.
Shares A Trial to Learn if Fianlimab and Cemiplimab Are Safe and Work Better Than Anti-PD1 Alone in Adult Participants With Resectable Stage 3 or 4 Melanoma, Cemiplimab With Fianlimab for Resectable Non-Metastatic Colon Cancer, A Study to Find Out How Safe REGN5668 is and How Well it Works In Adult Women When Given With Either Cemiplimab, or Cemiplimab + Fianlimab, or Ubamata, A Study to Learn if a Combination of Fianlimab and Cemiplimab Versus Cemiplimab Alone is More Effective for Adult Participants With Advanced Non-Small.
Shares A Trial to Learn if Fianlimab and Cemiplimab Are Safe and Work Better Than Anti-PD1 Alone in Adult Participants With Resectable Stage 3 or 4 Melanoma, Cemiplimab With Fianlimab for Resectable Non-Metastatic Colon Cancer, A Study to Find Out How Safe REGN5668 is and How Well it Works In Adult Women When Given With Either Cemiplimab, or Cemiplimab + Fianlimab, or Ubamata, A Study to Learn if a Combination of Fianlimab and Cemiplimab Versus Cemiplimab Alone is More Effective for Adult Participants With Advanced Non-Small.
Shares A Study of AZD2936 Anti-TIGIT/Anti-PD-1 Bispecific Antibody in Participants With Advanced or Metastatic NSCLC, A Global Study to Assess the Effects of Durvalumab + Domvanalimab Following Concurrent Chemoradiation in Participants With Stage III Unresectable NSCLC, A Study to Assess the Safety and Efficacy of AZD7789 in Participants With Advanced or Metastatic Solid Cancer, A Study of Novel Combinations in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC).
Shares Study of Novel Treatment Combination Therapies in Participants With Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma Regardless of PD-L1 Expression Status; Subst, Study With Various Immunotherapy Treatments in Participants With Lung Cancer, A Safety and Efficacy Study of Treatment Combinations With and Without Chemotherapy in Adult Participants With Advanced Upper Gastrointestinal Tract Malignancies, Study of Novel Treatment Combinations in Patients With Lung Cancer.
Shares TIM-3, TIGIT, Tiragolumab, Fianlimab.
Shares A Study Evaluating Different Immunotherapies (LAG-3 and PD-1 With or Without TIGIT, Compared to PD-L1 Alone) in Participants With Untreated Locally Advanced Metastatic Urothelial Cancer, A Study of Atezolizumab With or Without Tiragolumab Following Neoadjuvant Chemoradiotherapy in Participants With Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer, A Study Evaluating Atezolizumab and Bevacizumab, With or Without Tiragolumab, in Participants With Untreated Locally Advanced or Metastatic Hepatocell, Study of Atezolizumab Plus Carboplatin and Etoposide With or Without Tiragolumab in Participants With Untreated Extensive-Stage Small Cell Lung Cancer.
Shares RELATIVITY-098, RELATIVITY-047, Fianlimab + cemiplimab phase 3 (first-line melanoma), Fianlimab.
Shares Zimberelimab and Domvanalimab in Combination With Chemotherapy Versus Pembrolizumab With Chemotherapy in Patients With Untreated Metastatic Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer, A Global Phase III Study of Rilvegostomig or Pembrolizumab Monotherapy for First-Line Treatment of PD-L1-high Metastatic Non-small Cell Lung Cancer, A Study of Belrestotug Plus Dostarlimab Compared With Placebo Plus Pembrolizumab in Previously Untreated Participants With Programmed Death Ligand 1 (PD-L1) High Non-small-cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC), A Study to Learn if a Combination of Fianlimab and Cemiplimab Versus Cemiplimab Alone is More Effective for Adult Participants With Advanced Non-Small.