# Tumour-associated macrophages (TAMs) Source: https://onco.cc/terms/tumor-associated-macrophages/ OnCo record `tumor-associated-macrophages` (Term). Data CC BY-NC 4.0, attribute "Data from OnCo (onco.cc)"; commercial use needs a licence. ## TL;DR Tumour-associated macrophages are immune cells that should eat cancer cells but are re-educated by the tumour to protect it instead. They are often the most abundant immune cell in a tumour. ## Summary Mostly M2-like, immunosuppressive, pro-angiogenic; recruited by CSF1 and CCL2; express PD-L1, SIRPĪ±, TREM2. Targets: CSF1R (pexidartinib approved in TGCT; broadly disappointing in cancer), CD47/SIRPĪ± (magrolimab failed), TREM2, CD40 agonists. Depleting M2 TAMs is also the rationale of the MERTK ADC RGX-019-MMAE. ## Fields - Kind: Term - Last checked: 2026-09-08 ## Sources - Wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tumor-associated_macrophage - Wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tumor-associated_macrophage ## Connected records - targets: [CD14](https://onco.cc/targets/cd14/), [CD163](https://onco.cc/targets/cd163/), [CD40](https://onco.cc/targets/cd40/), [CD47](https://onco.cc/targets/cd47/), [CSF1R](https://onco.cc/targets/csf1r/), [MERTK](https://onco.cc/targets/mertk/), [PD-L1](https://onco.cc/targets/pdl1/), [SIRPA](https://onco.cc/targets/sirpa/) - drugs: [AK117](https://onco.cc/drugs/ak117/), [Axatilimab](https://onco.cc/drugs/axatilimab/), [Emactuzumab](https://onco.cc/drugs/emactuzumab/), [Evorpacept](https://onco.cc/drugs/evorpacept/), [Magrolimab](https://onco.cc/drugs/magrolimab/), [Mitazalimab](https://onco.cc/drugs/mitazalimab/), [Peluntamig](https://onco.cc/drugs/peluntamig/), [Selicrelumab](https://onco.cc/drugs/selicrelumab/), [Spevatamig](https://onco.cc/drugs/spevatamig/) - pathways: [MYC](https://onco.cc/pathways/myc/), [Myeloid suppression: TAMs, MDSCs & don't-eat-me signals](https://onco.cc/pathways/myeloid-suppression-axis/), [Nutrient competition & metabolic immunosuppression](https://onco.cc/pathways/nutrient-competition-tme/), [Tumour microenvironment (TME)](https://onco.cc/pathways/tumor-microenvironment/) - trials: [A Phase 3 Study of AK112 Plus AK117 Versus Pembrolizumab in Recurrent or Metastatic Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (R/M HNSCC)](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06601335/), [A Phase Ib/II Study of AK112 in Combination With AK117 in Advanced Malignant Tumors](https://onco.cc/trials/nct05229497/), [A Phase III Study of Ivonescimab + Chemo With/Without AK117 in Metastatic Pancreatic Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06953999/), [A Study Evaluating the Efficacy and Safety of Multiple Treatment Combinations in Patients With Metastatic or Locally Advanced Breast Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct03424005/), [A Study in Patients Previously Enrolled in a Genentech and/or F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd Sponsored Atezolizumab Study](https://onco.cc/trials/nct03768063/), [A Study of AK112 With or Without AK117 in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct05382442/), [A Study of AK117/AK112 in Metastatic Triple-Negative Breast Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct05227664/), [A Study of CDX-1140, a CD40 Agonist, in Combination With Capecitabine and Oxaliplatin (CAPOX) and Keytruda in Subjects With Biliary Tract Carcinoma (BTC)](https://onco.cc/trials/nct05849480/), [A Study of Evorpacept (ALX148) in Patients With Advanced HER2+ Gastric Cancer (ASPEN-06)](https://onco.cc/trials/aspen-06/), [A Study of Ivonescimab in First-Line ES-SCLC](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07245446/), [A Study of Peluntamig (PT217) in Patients With Neuroendocrine Carcinomas Expressing DLL3 (the SKYBRIDGE Study)](https://onco.cc/trials/nct05652686/), [A Trial of AK117 (Anti-CD47 Antibody) in Patients With Acute Myeloid Leukemia](https://onco.cc/trials/nct04980885/), [ASPEN-09-03: A Study of Evorpacept in Combination With Trastuzumab and Chemotherapy in Metastatic HER2-Positive Breast Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07007559/), [ASTRAEA: ReinvigorAting ReSponse To ImmunotheRApy in MEtAstatic TNBC With Combination Myeloid Inhibition and Radiation](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07015853/), [Axatilimab and olaparib in BRCA/PALB2-associated metastatic breast cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06488378/), [Evorpacept (ALX148) in Combination With Pembrolizumab and Chemotherapy in Patients With Advanced Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (ASPEN-04)](https://onco.cc/trials/nct04675333/), [Evorpacept (ALX148) in Combination With Pembrolizumab in Patients With Advanced Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (ASPEN-03)](https://onco.cc/trials/nct04675294/), [Ligufalimab and Cadonilimab in Advanced Liver Cancers](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06789848/), [Magrolimab + Azacitidine Versus Azacitidine + Placebo in Untreated Participants With Myelodysplastic Syndrome (MDS)](https://onco.cc/trials/nct04313881/), [Maintenance Combinatorial Myeloid Immunotherapy for Unresectable Pancreatic Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07199764/), [MP0317 in Combination With Chemoimmunotherapy in First Line Treatment for Patients With Advanced Biliary Tract Carcinoma](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07036380/), [PRE-ISPY Phase I/II Oncology Platform Program](https://onco.cc/trials/nct05868226/), [Reinvigorating TNBC Response to Immunotherapy With Combination Myeloid Inhibition and Radiation](https://onco.cc/trials/nct05491226/), [Safety and Efficacy of Mitazalimab in Combination With Chemotherapy in Pancreatic Cancer Patients](https://onco.cc/trials/nct04888312/), [Spevatamig (PT886) as Monotherapy or in Combination With Chemo and/or ICI, for the Treatment of Patients With Advanced Gastric, Gastroesophageal Junct](https://onco.cc/trials/nct05482893/), [Study of Magrolimab in Combination With Azacitidine Versus Physician's Choice of Venetoclax in Combination With Azacitidine or Intensive Chemotherapy in Patients With TP53 Mutant Acute Myeloid Leukemia That Have Not Been Treated](https://onco.cc/trials/nct04778397/), [Study of Magrolimab Versus Placebo in Combination With Venetoclax and Azacitidine in Participants With Acute Myeloid Leukemia](https://onco.cc/trials/nct05079230/), [Testing Mitazalimab in Combination With Standard Chemotherapy in Immunotherapy Resistant Advanced Biliary Tract Cancers](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07437287/) - key papers: [Balkwill and Mantovani 2001: inflammation and cancer, back to Virchow?](https://onco.cc/key-papers/paper-balkwill-mantovani-inflammation-virchow-lancet-2001/), [Quail and Joyce 2013: microenvironmental regulation of tumour progression and metastasis](https://onco.cc/key-papers/paper-quail-joyce-microenvironment-metastasis-natmed-2013/) - terms: [Macrophage](https://onco.cc/terms/macrophage/) --- JSON: https://onco.cc/api/v1/entities/tumor-associated-macrophages.json